BUSİNESS INFORMATİON SYSTEMS - Deneme Sınavı - 4

Accounting information system collects financial data from the operations of the business, processes the collected data and transforms them into financial information, and produces reports for the decision makers.

Previously just a limited number of data could be collected from a single transaction like amount, date, and parties of the transaction, but with the help of technology, various amounts of data can be gathered from a single transaction. For example, from a single sales transaction, data about customer, invoice conditions, transportation, inventory, personnel, and sales can be extracted. Figure 6.1 shows sample database records for a sales transaction.

Businesses carry on their operations increasingly on enterprise resource planning(ERP) systems based on integrated information systems.

Every business has an accounting information system regardless of its size. Basicly, accounting information system is the same for all the businesses in the manner of input-process-output flow.

Cost accounting system belongs to the transaction processing system of subsystems of Accounting Information System.

The proof of a sales transaction is billing the customer. In other words, preparation of the bill shows a sale transaction has occured.

Expenditure cycle deals with the purchasing activities of the required goods and/or raw materials. Detection of the requirement can appeare by analysing the inventories. Upon the orders received from the customer (external affect) or analysing the inventories throughout the production plan (internal affect), the need for purchase can be figured out.

Assume that a machine has an economic life of 10 years which its manufacturer indicated, the business may use that machine for 5 years. After 5 years, the business may say that it is not economic enough to use. So, even though the economic life is 10 years, the useful life of the machine for the business is 5 years.

the word “unadjusted” has a specific meaning for accounting. It shows that, the closing entries have not been made yet.

Planning needs forecasting activity. Especially for the future cash flows of the business are very important for the managers. In order to determine whether the business will have a surplus cash or a cash deficit for each period and to decide the surplus of deficit is temporary of permanent financial forecasting has to be made.

Production management function in an organization is responsible for the processes that transform inputs into useful outputs. These are: Facilitating goods and services.

Manufacturing systems management (MSM) here is defined as a functional domain that involves all of the activities, such as design, implementation, operations and monitoring, etc., that are needed to regulate and optimise a manufacturing system as it progresses through its life cycle.

According to a Manufacturing Information System Model, Inventory subsystem is an output subsystem.

Hard technology and soft technology are the two main categories of technology. Hard technology represents a variety of tasks in the creation and delivery of goods and services performed by the equipment and devices. Computers, computer chips and microprocessors, communication lines, sensors, robots are some examples of hard technology. Soft technology is the application of the Internet, computer software, and information systems to provide data, information, and analysis and to facilitate the accomplishment of creating and delivering goods and services. Database systems, artificial intelligence programs, and voice-recognition software are some examples of soft technology.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems provide the integration of the company internally and externally in order to meet the needs and requirements of the customers and in this way the company has a competitive advantage in the market.

There are four phases in the evolution of ERP systems

A successful supply chain management strategy is based on accurate order processsing, just-in-time inventory management, and timely order fulfillment.

Many developments for computers have been made in terms of cost and speed of computer power after first computers were developed around 1960s.

For organizations CRM system includes methodogies and software tools to gain advantage from customer information to achieve some critical factors. These factors could be summarized as follows;

• Building customer loyalty with much higher profit per customer

• Avoiding loss of customers

• Acquiring new customers who are most likely to become profitable

• Reducing inefficiencies that waste advertising expenses

Bundling is a form of cross selling where a company sells a group of products or services together at a lower price instead of offering combined individual prices of the products which are much higher. A sport broadcasting company’s offer a bundle price including different football leagues, TV channels and original movies can be given as an example. This price is lower than total of their separate prices