BUSİNESS INFORMATİON SYSTEMS - Deneme Sınavı - 6

Motherboards hold and allows communication between the central processing unit (CPU), memory, and storage components, among other things. Motherboards are available in a variety of shapes and sizes, depending on the compactness of the computer. Most modern motherboards provide connectors for other internal peripherals such as video and sound processing.

Basic Input Output System (BIOS) is as software stored on a small memory chip on the motherboard thus it is part of the motherboard hardware. BIOS instructs the computer on how to perform booting and keyboard control.

The Graphics Processing Unit (CPU) is an electronic circuit (processor) specialized for display functions. The GPU renders images, animations and video for the computer’s screen. Modern GPUs are very efficient at manipulating computer graphics and image processing; thus, they are used primarily for 3D game rendering.

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of computer that executes instructions

The main objectives of the operating system can be summarized as follows:
• Enables the users to use computer in a convenient and efficient manner
• Hides complexity of the hardware resources from the users
• Acts as an intermediary between the computer hardware and its users
• Manages the resources of a computer system

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software allows an organization to use a system of integrated applications (e.g., product planning, development, manufacturing, sales and marketing) in order to manage the business and automate many back office functions.

A Database Management System (DBMS) is a collection software packages that is used
for creating and maintaining a database. The DBMS is a software that facilitates the following processes:

• Defining a database (determining the data types, structures and constraints)
• Constructing the database (storing the data on some storage device)
• Manipulating the database (querying, updating the database and generating reports)

Network Interface Controllers: NIC is an interface between the computer and physical network connection in order to transmit data through the cable, address data with an identifier, control data flow, and connect to another computer.

The SDLC model used in this book consists of 6 main phases. These phases are: scope and planning, requirements analysis, design, realization and test, setup and distribution, and operation and maintenance.

Operational feasibility: In general, the new system is designed for faster access and effective sharing of information. In this step, the questions must be answered such as: Is the suggested system suitable to the structure of the business? Will it be operable after the development? Will the users resist to the new system? Will the administration support the project? Is the performance of the proposed system higher than the performance of the existing system? Where will your business be located?

Data can be collected from many individuals via surveys. Advantages and disadvantages of the surveys are given below:

Advantages: • Surveys can be answered very quickly. • It is a relatively cheap data collection technique from many people. • Surveys allow the respondents to be anonymous. Therefore, people may answer the question as they want rather than the answers that the employers wish. • The answers could be quickly tabulated and analyzed.

Disadvantages: • In general, the number of respondents is low. • It is not guaranteed that everyone answers all of the questions. • Surveys are not flexible. Analyst cannot receive voluntary information from the people or cannot rewrite the misinterpreted questions. • It is not possible for the system analyst to observe and analyze the body language of the respondent. • There is no chance to expose blurry or incomplete questions. • It is difficult to prepare a good survey

Giving up the old system and starting the new system requires a careful planning and setup activity. Transition strategies are realized in four different ways depending on the degree of giving up the old system. These strategies are: parallel, pilot, phased, and direct. 

In parallel transitioning system the old system continues to operate until it is determined that the new system operates completely well. Letting the old system to operate enables the analyst to compare the results of the old system with the results of the new system.

System maintenance support and documentation start in this phase and continue through the life cycle of the information system. Businesses pay maintenance fee during the maintenance period. Some of the updates and maintenance can be automatically performed using the internet site of the information system developer. Although the sequence and character of maintenance demands change from one system to another, there are four basic maintenance activities:

Corrective maintenance: It includes correcting an error discovered during operations.

Adaptive maintenance: It includes activities to arrange exiting functions or adding new functions such that the system conforms with job or activity changes.

Perfective maintenance: It means improving and modifying the system to respond to changing user requirements and organizational needs, enhancing documentation and increasing system efficiency, reliability, or maintainability.

Preventive maintenance: It is related to lengthening the service duration of the existing system, to reduce the likelihood of future system failures. Although this type of maintenance has the lowest priority, it adds high value to the organization.

Reaching a software package through an application service provider has several advantages. Cost is very low for the initial supply and the installation is done very quickly. Paying as you use is cheaper for the frequent users. There is no need to invest for the information system personnel. Additionally, it may not be necessary for infrastructure investment in specialized information technologies.

The Scrum approach is an agile method that focuses on iterative development instead of technical approaches of agile methods.

Analyst tools help automatically find missing or incorrect features in the diagrams, display, and reporting.

Diagramming tools are used in the graphical representation of system process, data and control structures. Computer display and reporting tools help users show how and what the system looks like. Design and code generator tools provide automatic generation of the databases and program parts. Testing tools support the simulation of processes and data traffic and enable the performance measurement and test plans to be prepared and managed.

The physical parts of computing devices are referred to as hardware. The user can see and touch hardware. The examples of hardware are:

• Computers (laptop, desktop, tablet)

• Mobile phones

• Hand terminals

• Storage devices (hard disk, flash disk)

• Input devices (keyboard, mouse, optical scanner)

• Output devices (printers, speakers)

• Video monitor

The smallest element of data is called a bit, a group of eight bits is called a byte. The capacity of memory and persistent data storage are measured in terms of bytes.