BÖLGESEL ÖRGÜTLER

The Maastricht Treaty, also known as European Union Treaty, was signed on 7th February, 1992 in Maastricht, Netherlands and came into force in 1993. While this treaty established the European Union in today’s context, it also enhanced the authority of the European Parliament in the decision making process and created new areas of cooperation.

In 2007, Bulgaria and Romania joined the Union and the last enlargement wave integrated Croatia with the EU. In 2013, Croatia joined the Union which made the number of member states 28 and total population of the Union became 507 million.

The European Commission exercises executive power within the institutional structure of the EU. It is responsible for looking after EU’s interests as a whole.

The Council adopts corrective measures after considering the recommendations of the Evaluation and Convergence Conference. It determines the guide lines to be followed by other bodies of the Association. e authority to accept new member is exercised by the Council. It may adopt amendements on the Treaty and has the power to appoint the Secretary-General.

Andean Community produced an Andean passport in June 2001 which is valid in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Colombia. By 2005, citizens of the Andean Community members gained the right to enter other countries without a visa. To travel among the member countries, showing national ID cards is adequate.

Andean Community consists of various bodies which aim at encouraging further integration among the member states. These are: Andean Presidential Council, Andean Council of Foreign Ministers, Commission Headquarters, Andean Court of Justice, Andean Parliament and Latin American Reserve Fund. The Evaluation and Convergence Conference is a body of ALADI.

Eurasec member states are the main exporters of mineral resources and metals worldwide and play an essential role in exporting oil, gas, chrome and manganese resources, aluminium, nickel and copper, platinoids and raw diamonds.

Besides the positive sides of NAFTA, there are some circles looking from a negative perspective. Accordingly, NAFTA is leading a “deindustrialization” in the U.S. due to the fact that manufacturing oriented jobs migrate to Mexico. Besides, NAFTA is critized by turning Mexico into an import oriented state where American goods dominate the Mexican market. e reaction focuses on impoverishment of rural regions where cheap subsidized American imports eliminate local Mexican producers.

The Protocol of Ouro Petro established three decision making bodies:the Common Market Council (CMC), the Common Market Group (GMC) and the MERCOSUR Trade Commission (CCM). Moreover, the Protocol of Ouro Petro created other bodies of representative and consulting nature such as the Joint Parliamentary Commission, which was later replaced by the MERCOSUR Parliament and the Economic and Social Consulting Forum.

The ASEAN Summit is the supreme policy-making body of the organization. It holds its meetings twice a year which gathers Heads of States or Government
of ASEAN member countries. The Summit also functions as an international conference where the world leaders attend the related summits and discuss various issues on strengthening cooperation.

The founding members of European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)were France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg.

The correct choice is B.

In 1965, Brussels Treaty, merged the executives of the three communities: ECSC, EEC and Euroatom.

The correct choice is C.

The Maastricht Treaty, also known as European Union Treaty, was signed on 7th February, 1992 in Maastricht, Netherlands and came into force in 1993. While this treaty established the European Union in today’s context, it also enhanced the authority of the European Parliament in the decision making process and created new areas of cooperation.

The correct choice is E.

The European Commission exercises executive power within the institutional structure of the EU. It is responsible for looking after EU’s interests as a whole. The preparation of legislative proposals, the application of EU’s policies are among the duties of the Commission. It is also charged with guarding of the founding treaties and it is its duty to warn any member state in case of violation of the treaties.

The correct choice is D.

The European parliament consists of 751 members including a president and 750 members from 28 member states. The members are elected by direct votes of people who are citizens of the EU’s member states.

The correct choice is E.

The Council, also known as the Council of Ministers, is the organ that has the most weight in the EU from the beginning. It uses the authority to legislate together with the European Parliament.The Council of the European Union does consist of the ministers that serve in the member states of the EU.

The correct choice is B.

According to the procedure, the Parliament and the Council share the authority of legislation. The process starts with the Commission’s legislative proposal. While the Commission prepares a proposal, governments of the member states, organizations, non- governmental organizations and individuals express their opinions. These opinions are integrated to the Commission’s legislative proposal that is presented to the Council and the Parliament.

The correct choice is A.

ALADI has 13 members.

The correct choice is D.

The Committee is the permament body of the Association which conducts meetings at least once a year. It gives continuity to the activities of the new integration process, evaluates and guides the operation of the process. It accomplishes the tasks assigned by the Council and the Conference. It adopts annual work program, annual budget and determines the contributions of member countries to the Association budget. The Committee also represents the Association before third parties.

The correct choice is C.

The founder countries of the Pact are Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Chile. Venezuela became the sixth member in 1973; however, it withdrew from Andean Community in 2006.

The correct choice is E.