BÖLGESEL ÖRGÜTLER

OAS is designed to get into the act in the large scope. Inter alia, OAS holds in four main pillars: a)democracy, b) development, c) human rights, and d) security.

The correct choice is B.

The General Assembly of the OAS convenes annually.

The correct choice is C.

The General Secretariat is the permanent administrative and bureaucratic organ of the OAS. It is directed by the Secretary-General. The General Secretariat is responsible for implementing the policies set by the General Assembly and the Permanent Council. Secretary-General heads General Secretariat for five years. Secretary-General may not be succeeded by a person of the same nationality. The General Secretariat is responsible to promote political, cultural and economic relations between states and to emphasize co-operation tofight against poverty.

The correct choice is D.

The biggest criticism about OAS is that the organization is seen as a defender of the US’ interests. Especially, it has remained the silent US military interventions in Latin America.

The correct choice is E.

The Union of South American Nations was established on 8 December 2004 with the Cusco Declaration (Peru) signed by Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Chile, Uruguay and Venezuela in order to develop regional integration efforts in South America under a single roof.

The correct choice is B.

The Council of Foreign Ministers is the second body of UNASUR and meets regularly every six months. It is responsible to implement decisions taken by the Council of State and Government Heads to promote political dialogue and cooperate regional integration process.

The correct choice is A.

As a multi-purpose organization, UNASUR interests many issues and problems in South- America region. Security, Economy and Finance and Energy are the most important topics.

The correct choice is D.

From the 1970s the transformation of OAU was discussed due to international economic and political developments. 

The Sirte (Libya) Declaration on 9 September 1999 emphasized that OAU was then “unity”. 

In 2000 the Lome Summit (Togo) The Constitutive Act of the African Union was adopted and at the Lusaka (Zambia) Summit in 2001, a roadmap was accepted for put the AU into effect.The Heads of State and Government of 53 African countries attended the Durban Summit in 2002 and the African Union was formed by merging the African Union Organization and the African Economic Community.

The correct choice is E.

AU’s the most important problem seems to be democratization. The organization is also referred to as the dictator’s club.

The correct choice is C.

In 1996 the “Shanghai Five” was formed by Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan.

The correct choice is A.

The tension between Moscow and Beijing, which started at the beginning of the 1960s, softened in the mid-1980s. In 1991, the Sino-Russian rapprochement continued after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. After the PRC resolved territorial disputes with neighboring CIS states (Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan), it became possible to further develop regional cooperation. Another reason for Sino-Russian converges is economic interests, and balancing the US was also the cornerstone of post-1990 Chinese and Russian relations. Russia perceived threat because of the NATO’s expansions to Eastern Europe, while China was disturbed by the bust of the US on human rights and its trade with Taiwan.

The correct choice is C.

One of the first documents signed by the participants of the SCO summit in Shanghai (2001) was the Shanghai Convention on Combating Terrorism, Separatism, and Extremism, which for the first time at the international level enshrined the definition of separatism and extremism as violent, criminal acts

The correct choice is C.

The missions and the arrangement of NATO’s military assets have evolved sharply since the main threat has converted from by the Warsaw Pact armies into the crises or wars that may break out in near or far geographical areas that will threaten NATO’s interests. This extension of NATO’s field of intervention to new missions beyond the strict defensive framework of territory defending dates back to the early 1990s when the Organization used its military forces beyond the NATO borders. However, France fiercely opposes NATO’s transformation into a global security organization.

The correct choice is D.

In the second article of the Charter explains the aims of the organization:
• To strengthen the peace and security of the continent.
• To promote and consolidate representative democracy, with due respect for the principle of nonintervention.
• To prevent possible causes of difficulties and to ensure the pacific settlement of disputes that may
arise among the member states.
• To provide for common action on the part of those states in the event of aggression.
• To seek the solution of political, judicial, and economic problems that may arise among them.
• To promote, by cooperative action, their economic, social, and cultural development.
• To eradicate extreme poverty, which constitutes an obstacle to the full democratic development of
the peoples of the hemisphere.
• To achieve an effective limitation of conventional weapons that will make it possible to devote the
largest amount of resources to the economic and social development of the member states.

The multi-dimensionality resides in the broadening of the traditional concept of regional security, linked to defense and the security of States, starting from the incorporation of new threats, concerns, and challenges.

In 1991, the General Assembly’s Resolution 1080 emphasized that “one of the basic purposes of the OAS is to promote and consolidate representative democracy, with due respect for the principle of non-intervention.”

The Inter American Defence College (IADC) is an international educational institution operating as an element of the OAS through the Inter-American Defense Board. It provides a professionally oriented, multidisciplinary, graduate-level course of study.

UNSAUR, a multi-purpose organization, aims to improve the integration process about cultural, social, economic and political spheres among its members.

The temporary presidency is the head position and representant of the UNASUR. President pro tempore is governed by a year and rotated among the member countries between each UNASUR meeting.
Main functions of President pro tempore are (UNASUR, 2018b):
• To organize and preside the meetings of UNASUR’s bodies,
• To Represent UNASUR in international events,
• To undertake commitments and sign declarations with third parties after having obtained the
previous consent of the appropriate bodies of UNASUR.
• To direct ministerial councils of the UNASUR

CSPMD’s main objective is to build anti-drug system in regional and sub-regional levels.