BÖLGESEL ÖRGÜTLER

International organizations are international legal persons which are established by an international agreement duly signed and put into effect by the governmental bodies of at least three States.

International organizations are international legal persons which are established by an international agreement duly signed and put into effect by the governmental bodies of at least three states.

The main motivation of the States in establishing organizations has always been international and regional cooperation. It is clear that Realpolitik as well as economic, cultural and even ideological expectations play a decisive role in this respect.

Indeed, NATO for example, not only asks its member States “to eliminate conflict in their international economic policies”, but also encourages “economic collaboration between any or all of them” (Article 2).

BRICS is a good example in this regard. Although a number of them are neighbours, five States (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) from different continents with different economic characteristics are now championing free global trade and even arguably aiming in the long run to replace global trade institutions such as the IMF and World Bank.

Realism argues that organizations are a result of States’ seek of security.

Liberals (idealists, rationalists) think differently. They suggest that States are not (potential) enemies but (potential) partners, as they basically stand for providing welfare and peace to their respective citizens.

Secretariat is the body that in fact both supplies and represents the legal personality of the organization. The routine daily work of the organization is done by this body which also coordinates all relevant internal and external activities in line with the aims, rules and principles set out in the statute of the organization.

Although their mere participation and contribution to plenary meetings and debates is somehow regarded important, there are cases where this status is granted as a means of preparation for, and transition to, full-membership. Observer status is not confined to States. It is also granted to non-State actors such as other international and regional organizations, unrecognised States/entities, multinational companies and non-governmental organizations.

All independent Arab States have the right to be a member of the League of Arab States which makes the organization an ethno-regional one.

Last but not least, this model encourages the closed-door diplomacy, as some members may seek economic and diplomatic ways of convincing and even compelling others.

International organisations are international legal persons which are established by an international agreement duly signed and put into effect by the governmental bodies of at least three States.

The Charter, which prohibits threat and use of force in its Article 2/4, permits States to defend themselves against an armed attack individually or collectively (Article 51).

Warsaw Pact has intervened militarily to Hungary (1956) and Czechoslovakia (1968) in order to protect revolutionary principles.

Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa are members of BRICS.

The main motivation of the States in establishing organizations has always been international and regional cooperation.

Organization as functional interfaces of cooperation are usually established for three general concrete reasons particularly at regional levels: Military alliance, economic cooperation and dealing with common “technical” issues.

States tend to establish, or become a member of regional military alliances in order to strengthen their security.

It is assumed and expected that establishing institutional mechanism among States which are not only trade-partners but have interdependent and even complementary economies would have a win-win affect. Such solidarity organizations are established in order to facilitate and foster trade relations and economic cooperation in between States that usually share common borders. As such organizations mostly reduce and even lift trade barriers, tariffs and other restrictions and thus increase trade volumes, they not only improve the welfare of the citizens of the member States but also foster the regional economy as a whole. Some regional organizations go even further and aim supranational economic, social and even political integration, as is the case for the EU which somehow constitutes a role-model for many regional organizations across the world.

First modern organizations were established in 19th century in order accommodate postal communication and land, sea and rail transportation at a regional level.