BÖLGESEL ÖRGÜTLER - Deneme Sınavı - 18

'Democratic deficit’ is a term used by people who argue that the EU institutions and their decision- making procedures suffer from a lack of democracy and seem inaccessible to the ordinary citizen due to their complexity. The real EU democratic deficit seems to be the absence of European politics. EU voters do not feel that they have an effective way to reject a ‘government’, they do not like, and to change, in some ways, the course of politics and policy.

Financial institutions mainly perform two important economic tasks: To manage the fund generation and payment mechanisms and to bring investors and savers closer with fund owners and borrowers.

Financial intermediation refers to the process of transfer of funds from savers, rentiers to investors applying for loans.

Financial liberalization was not the main purpose of the pre-1980s financial policies. It was promoted after the 1980s.

The notion of financial liberalization is defined as the process of reducing or eliminating price and quantity controls over markets and making economies open to international capital flows.

Regional development bank (RDB) usually refers to four institutions: African Development Bank (AfDB), Asian Development Bank (ADB), European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). However, the World Bank is not one of these RDBs.

The board of governors is the highest decision-making body of a regional development bank.

The headquarters of Asian Development Bank is located in the Philippines, with 29 country offices and representative offices in Tokyo, Frankfurt, and Washington D.C.

Achieving these objectives would have involvements in various extensions for the RDBs. RDBs would need to: Develop new financial instruments; Plan and fashion particular lending policies; Bring their capacity to produce and disseminate knowledge/best practices into a more desirable condition.

China and other key borrowers took leadership in inventing two new MDBs strongly aimed at providing infrastructure: Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) and the New Development Bank (NDB).

The Basel Accord was approved in 1998 by regulators from the G-10 countries.

International non-governmental organizations (INGOs) have become an integrated part of international politics where they play significant roles on environmental, social, advocacy and human rights work that fit their agenda. INGOs have started to promote their interests through international or regional organizations. Because of their growing roles in the stage of international politics.

Global governance is a movement towards political cooperation among transnational actors (states, intergovernmental organizations, NGOs, etc.), aimed at negotiating responses to problems that affect more than one state or region.

Normative issue is concerned with how people should act, what sort of person one should be or what sorts of policies should be implemented. It is normative in the sense that it identifies the norms and/or standards of right and wrong actions and behaviors.

An inter governmental organization or international governmental organization (IGO) is an organization composed primarily of sovereign states (referred to as member states), or of other intergovernmental organizations. Intergovernmental organizations are called international organizations, although that term may also include international non-governmental organization such as international nonprofit organizations or multinational corporations. Intergovernmental organizations are an important aspect of public international law. IGOs are established by a treaty that acts as a charter creating the group. Treaties are formed when lawful representatives (governments) of several states go through a ratification process, providing the IGO with an international legal personality.

The Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations a standing committee of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) that was established by the Council in 1946, is responsible for matters concerning the admission and accreditation of the NGOs. It reports directly to ECOSOC, and the two reports of its annual regular session (usually at the end of January) and resumed session (in May) include draft resolutions or decisions on matters calling for action by the Council.

European Council: an institution of the European Union that consists of the heads of government of the EU Member States, the European Commission President and the High Representative for Foreign Affairs & Security Policy. It’s located in Brussels, Belgium, but meetings are often held in the other cities.