BÖLGESEL ÖRGÜTLER - Deneme Sınavı - 17

The Organization of American States (OAS) is the oldest and largest inter-state,regional organization in the world. The OAS has emerged as a result of a series of inter-state American conferences which started in the 1820s that established the Pan-American Union in 1910.

In the second article of the Charter explains the aims of the organization, such as to achieve an effective limitation of conventional weapons that will make it possible to devote the largest amount of resources to the economic and social development of the member states.

The General Secretariat shall serve as custodian of the documents and archives of the inter-American Conferences, the General Assembly, the Meetings of Consultation of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, the Councils and the Specialized Conferences.

The biggest criticism about OAS is that the organization is seen as a defender of the US’ interests. Especially, it has remained the silent US military interventions in Latin America.

The Union of South American Nations is composed of the Council of Heads of State and Government, the president pro tempore, the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, the Council of Delegates, the General Secretariat, and twelve sectoral councils.

Although UNASUR is not a collective security organization, one of its main objectives is to try to prevent and overcome crises that may arise between the member countries, and to solve regional disputes and conflicts. For example, UNASUR mediated initiatives to resolve the Bolivian political crisis (2008) and the tension between Venezuela and Colombia (2010).

The Court of Justice is an institution that is in a position to ensure the smooth processing and good governance of human rights in Africa. The functions of the Court of Justice are adressed with four titles, one of which is: To undertake studies and research on human and human rights in Africa and to bring related materials together.

The official language of SCO are Russian and Chinese.

The Council of Heads of State (CHS) is the supreme body of the SCO. It determines the priorities and main directions of the SCO’s activities, solves the fundamental issues of its internal structure and functioning, interaction with other states and international organizations, and also considers the most pressing international problems.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is the military-political regional alliance uniting most of the countries of Europe, the United States, and Canada. It was founded on April 4, 1949, in order to protect Europe from Soviet influence.

The Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 did not restore throughout Europe but it paved the way for the national self-determination.

International non-governmental organizations (INGOs) have become an integrated part of international politics where they play significant roles that fit their agenda.

Anne-Marie Slaughter (1997), too, believes that the world order is not the one that has long been depicted by the proponents of state-centric paradigm. Slaughter (1997: 183) draws attention to the failure of the international order based on the nation-states and the intergovernmental organizations and asserts that the routine proclamations of new world order by world leaders are in fact illusions since such attempts have for the most part referred to a system that relies on the proper functioning of nation-states.

Global governance is a movement towards political cooperation among transnational actors (states, intergovernmental organizations, NGOs, etc.), aimed at negotiating responses to problems that affect more than one state or region.

Like other non-state actors, the NGOs have gained prominence after the end of World War II., a period where the UN was formed for a better-working web of global governance.

An NGO is not a political party, business organization, criminal group, and violent organization.

Under Article 70 of the UN Charter, the NGOs are recognized the following status: “The Economic and Social Council may make arrangements for representatives of the specialized agencies to participate, without vote, in its deliberations and in those of the commissions established by it, and for its representatives to participate in the deliberations of the specialized agencies.”

To ensure fair representation, 19 members of the Committee in the ECOSOC are elected.

Council of the European Union: another institution of the European Union that consists of ministers of the EU Member States who discuss and prepare EU legislation. Together with the European Parliament, it’s the main legislative body. It’s located in Brussels, Belgium.