BÖLGESEL ÖRGÜTLER - Deneme Sınavı - 13

IMF’s Contingent Credit Line (CCL) introduced in 1999. This facility aims to strengthen member countries’ defences against financial crisis, providing contingent lines of credit to be disbursed in case of a crisis concerning fiscal or monetary indiscipline.

They were established to address a market failure in long-term cash flow to Europe devastated by the conflict and developing countries.

First issue: developing countries have to perform a number of tasks in order to stabilize their economies, like exerting discipline on their fiscal and monetary policies, enhancing their financial systems and diversifying exports via trade liberalization; Second issue: executing the second generation reforms to provide an institutional setting suitable for a modern economy, such as protecting the rule of law, assisting the progress of creating property rights and making sure they are properly carried into effect, providing transparency in economic and political activities, improving financial regulation and monitoring/supervision, reinforcing banks and similar structural reforms; Third issue: countries where the above-mentioned tasks have already been achieved or advanced to a large extent will need to defeat the resistance of markets in financing developing countries on a continual basis; Fourth issue: despite the fact that carrying out the above-mentioned tasks would considerably reduce the risk of financial crisis, it may not help eliminate it completely.

The MDBs (multilateral development banks) are among the international community’s immense success stories during post–World War II period.

The World Bank responded to an immediate need to rebuild European countries devastated by the World War II. Its first loan ($250 million - ($3.2 billion today) was to France in 1947.

Conceived in 1944 at the Bretton Woods Monetary Conference in Bretton Woods, the World Bank responded to an immediate need to rebuild European countries devastated by the World War II. Its first loan ($250 million - ($3.2 billion today) was to France in 1947, aimed at financing the equipment, fuel and raw materials for post-war reconstruction.

Also, the RDBs may expand this objective by supplying another
instrument: IMF’s Contingent Credit Line (CCL) introduced in 1999.

The abbreviation for The Organization of American States is OAS.

The Organization of American States (OAS) is the oldest and largest inter-state, regional organization in the world.

Eighteen American states taking part in the meeting signed the treaty for the establishment of the American States Union mechanism.

After the end of the Second World War, representatives of 20 American states came together in Chapultepec, Mexico, to determine the future of inter-state relations of American Republics.

Luis Almagro is the Secretary General of OAS since 2015.

Ernesto Samper is the last Secretary General of UNASUR between 2014 and 2017.

Counsils of UNASUR are: CDS, CSS, CEU, CES, COSUCTI etc.

53 African countries attended the Durban Summit in 2002 and the African Union was formed.

NATO is the abbreviation for The North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is the military political regional alliance uniting most of the countries of Europe, the United States, and Canada.

The correct choice is C.

The correct choice is C.

The correct choice is B.