BÖLGESEL ÖRGÜTLER - Deneme Sınavı - 12

All member States are the members of the Permanent Council. According to OAS Charter, the functions of the Permanent Council is (OAS, 2018c):

To keep vigilance over the maintenance of friendly relations among the member states and, for that purpose, to effectively assist them in the peaceful settlement of their disputes,

To observe General Secretariat’s operations when General Assembly is not in charge.

To act as the Preparatory Committee of the General Assembly.

To receive reports from the different organs and units of the organization and to submit suggestions to the General Assembly.

To take the essential diplomatic initiatives for human rights and present to the General Assembly any observations and recommendations it deems necessary

Luis Almagro is from Uruguay and he was elected as secretary general on 26th May, 2015.

The Committee is responsible for establishing and enforcing the OAS’ regional security strategies and policies. Especially after the Cold War, OAS has begun to deal with security issues in a wide scope. OAS’ security diary consists of:

Demining

Disarmament

Drugs

Multidimensional Security

Public Security

Cyber Security

Terrorism

The Union of South American Nations was established on 8 December 2004 with the Cusco Declaration (Peru) signed by Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Chile, Uruguay and Venezuela in order to develop regional integration efforts in South America under a single roof.

The correct choice is D.

World Drug Problem Council (CSPMD)

CSPMD’s main objective is to build anti-drug system in regional and sub-regional levels.

The correct choice is E.

The correct choice is D.

In light of long-term analysis of monetization, Chandavarkar was able to design a rational model. When we adapt this model of his to 2000s, with an analytical approach and enough empirical clues, we can reach to the following conclusions:

Mr = Mr = Mks =

Mc = Msc = Md=

Mm = aMr/aMks>0 aMr/aMc<0

f (Mks, Mc, M1, Msc, Md, Mm)

Financial Intermediation ratio.

surplus of product in sectors that do not use financial intermediaries (their average weighted share in GNP).

Personal or corporate savings.

Inclination to unincorporation.

the ratio of companies established through equity capital to the total number of companies.

other non-monetary transactions

aMr/aM1>0 aMr/aMsc<0

aMr/aMd>0 aMr/aMm<0

In light of long-term analysis of monetization, Chandavarkar was able to design a rational model. When we adapt this model of his to 2000s, with an analytical approach and enough empirical clues, we can reach to the following conclusions:

Mr = Mr = Mks =

Mc = Msc = Md=

Mm = aMr/aMks>0 aMr/aMc<0

f (Mks, Mc, M1, Msc, Md, Mm)

Financial Intermediation ratio.

surplus of product in sectors that do not use financial intermediaries (their average weighted share in GNP).

Personal or corporate savings.

Inclination to unincorporation.

the ratio of companies established through equity capital to the total number of companies.

other non-monetary transactions

aMr/aM1>0 aMr/aMsc<0

aMr/aMd>0 aMr/aMm<0

In developing countries, the main purpose of the pre-1980s financial policies, (especially in the 1960s and the 70s) was to boost industry and development by providing low-cost financing. For that purpose, financial flow controls were established through selective credit policies while interest rates were kept under control. As public sector taking the lead as its ‘main investor’ function, private sector activities in key areas were supported as well.

Established in 1974 with concern for the possibility that international capital movements may lead to a global crisis, the Basel Committee for Banking Supervision (BCBS)- the BIS developed into a global meeting place for regulators and for developing international standards-has set forth the issues like business volume of each bank’s capital, whether banks have enough capital to protect themselves from high-risk, and relevant controls, in order to prevent risks that might arise within their own domestic economies.

Established in 1974 with concern for the possibility that international capital movements may lead to a global crisis, the Basel Committee for Banking Supervision (BCBS)- the BIS developed into a global meeting place for regulators and for developing international standards-has set forth the issues like business volume of each bank’s capital, whether banks have enough capital to protect themselves from high-risk, and relevant controls, in order to prevent risks that might arise within their own domestic economies.

The correct choice is C.

The regional development banks (RDBs) are multilateral financial institutions that provide financial and technical assistance for development in low- and middle-income countries within their regions. Finance is allocated through low-interest loans and grants for a range of development sectors such as health and education, infrastructure, public administration, financial and private-sector development, agriculture, and environmental and natural resource management (Ottenhoff, 2011)

RDB usually refers to four institutions: African Development Bank (AfDB), Asian Development Bank (ADB), European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). Although each RDB has its own legal and operational status, they all share a similar mandate and highly cooperate with each other.

The RDBs are owned by member governments of both regional and non-regional countries. Each member is a shareholder of the institution. A country’s voting shares and level of board representation are based on the size of its economy and its financial contributions to the institution. The United States is the single largest shareholder in the IDB and the EBRD. At the ADB, the United States is tied with Japan for the largest financial commitment. At the AfDB, the United States is the second largest shareholder after Nigeria. Among regional members, China and India are large contributors to the ADB; Egypt and South Africa are large contributors to the AfDB; Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela are large contributors to the IDB; and Russia is a large contributor to the EBRD

The correct choice is A.

The ADB headquarters is located in Philippines, with 29 country offices and representative offices in Tokyo, Frankfurt, and Washington, D.C. The AfDB headquarters is located in Côte d’Ivoire; but temporarily relocated in Tunisia due to political unrest in Côte d’Ivoire.

The correct choice is D.

Inter-American Development Bank building is located in Washington, DC, USA.