BÖLGESEL ÖRGÜTLER - Deneme Sınavı - 7

In 1945, there were two developments which sealed the fate of the regional solutions idea. The first one is the Inter-American Conference on Problems of War and Peace held in Mexico City.

Some organizations such as Organization of American States (OAS) and Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) are in the meaning of Chapter VIII. Arab League and former Organization of African Union were treated as regional organizations by the UN generally.

In the Council’s practice, NATO, a self-defence organization under Article 51, has been authorized to take military enforcement measures in the territory of the former Yugoslavia by resolutions 757, 816 and 836 among others.

The establishment of regional economic commissions under the ECOSOC and regional arrangements provided for in the Constitution of the World Health Organization can be given as examples from the early days of the UN.

These five regional groups are Africa (GAFS), Asia-Pacific (GASS), Eastern Europe (EEC), Latin America and Caribbean (GRULAC), Western Europe and Other States (WEOG). Although they are called “regional”, its post-war origins can be observed in the decision of creating groups called “Eastern Europe” and “Western Europe and Other States”. Although Europe is a geographical region, “Eastern” and “Western” Europe are clearly political ones reflecting post-Second World War arrangements. After more than 25 years from the dissolution of the political split in Europe, electoral system still is not reformed accordingly.

As special cases, Israel became a WEOG member in 2000, thus able to put forward candidates for election to General Assembly bodies. Australia and New Zealand are both members of the WEOG, although geographically they are close to Asia.

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), established in 1947 as Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East and renamed in 1974, Bangkok,

Nevertheless, there are examples of no prior authorization, and subsequent expression of approval by the Council. One important example is the ECOWAS intervention in Liberia in 1992. Civil war started in 1990 in Liberia. Although the issue was brought before the Security Council, it failed to consider the issue in time. ECOWAS decided for an enforcement action without prior authorization of the Council.

Secretary-General of United Nations is Antonio Guterres, now.

Regionalism is a (İ) top-down process and   iii. Artificial process and 
v. Governments are main participants.

The types of regional organizations are; 
i. Political organizations ii. economic organizations iii. Security organizations

The classification of the regional organizations are based on
i. The aim of the organization ii. the bureaucratic structures

At the new regionalism, 

ii. Regions are considered to be constructed entities and

iv. Multiple actors play the fundamental role

Delegation and pooling are different in terms of  decision making strategy.

Both functionalism and neofunctionalism? 85

i. Focus on spillover of cooperation and
ii.  Spillover is directed from non -political issues to political issues

Liberal intergovernmentalism believes in the possibility of supranationalism.

Constructivists  believe that there is  anarchy in the international system.

For diffusion to take place 
i. A stimulus
ii. An organization to be taken as a model
iii. An issue or a problem
v. Various actors and instruments   are necessary.

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways affecting democratization? 89

b. Use of coersion
c. Contagion
d. Convergence
e. Conditionality are affecting democratization.

so cooperation is the correct answer.

International organizations are international legal persons which are established by an international agreement duly signed and put into effect by the governmental bodies of at least three States. Therefore, the correct option is B.