BÖLGESEL ÖRGÜTLER - Deneme Sınavı - 14

The correct choice is A.

The correct choice is B.

The scholarly literature on regionalisation and regional organizations has been mostly.

NATO is a single purpose regional organization.

African Union is a  multi-purpose regional organization.

Free trade area: creating a free trade area with the removal of market barriers.

Customs union: forming a customs union with the removal of trade restrictions and setting up mechanisms for common trade policy towards non-members.

Common market: creating a common market by providing the free movement of factors of production (persons, capital, goods and services).

Economic (or economic and monetary) union: reaching a common economic and monetary policy among members by co-ordinating national macroeconomic policies.

Full economic integration: harmonisation and unification of monetary, financial and social policies and the creation of supranational institutions.

The Middle East is the weakest region with regard to protecting democracy and human rights. In the Middle East, regional organizations in the field of human rights protection have had a rather gloomy role.

Instead of promoting democracy and respect for human rights, the Arab League has traditionally been a ‘club of and for authoritarian Arab states.

The number and importance of regional organizations have increased in recent times. Their purposes vary extensively from promoting economic co-operation and integration to enabling diplomatic, political, military and sociocultural interactions among nations.

Truly, with regard to regionalism, Europe remains the most advanced and integrated region; others, such as the Middle East and Africa, have made only limited progress in the same respect.
In fact, Europe has been the centre of regionalism and regional organizations since the formation of then-European Communities (today’s EU) in the
Cold War years of the early 1950s.

Comparatively, European regionalism is characteristically more progressive than others because it has ‘aimed at taming nationalism (and sovereignty in the case of the EEC) by protecting and promoting human rights, democracy and the rule of law as key prerequisites for peace and prosperity’. In contrast, non-Western regionalism is characterised by anticolonialism, national liberation from colonial rule, the preservation of sovereignty and the avoidance of a great power rivalry in the Third World.

While the European example has recently faced certain challenges, such as the Eurozone crisis or Brexit, the ongoing exit process of the UK from the EU, it arguably remains one of the most striking and successful regional integration projects.

The newly created Pacific Alliance in the west coast of Latin America has also imitated some elements of MERCOSUR, while the ‘ASEAN way’ has been a role model for wider Asian regionalism.

With regard to regionalism, Europe remains the most advanced and integrated region; others, such as the Middle East and Africa, have made only limited progress in the same respect.

The keywords in the developing world were regional cooperation, economic development, and nation-building rather than regional integration and avoidance of war.

Organization of (OAU) was renamed the African Union in 2002, while ASEAN adopted a charter to create a Committee of Permanent Representatives as a body that resembles the EU Committee of Permanent Representatives, and it strengthened its secretariat as a sign of EU-style institutionalisation.