BALKANLAR - Deneme Sınavı - 6

117 countries in the world recognize Kosovo, while Russia and China, which are permanent members of the UN Security Council, do not recognize Kosovo. Among the Western Balkan countries, Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina do not recognize Kosovo. Countries that do not recognize Kosovo’s independence are: Greece, Southern Cyprus, Slovakia, Romania and Spain. Greece and Southern Cyprus, their reservations about the Cyprus issue; Slovakia, Romania and Spain do not recognize Kosovo due to minority issues within themselves.

The joining of Montenegro to in 2017 and North Macedonia to NATO in 2020 have been the last indicators of the weight of the US in the Balkans.

Before the start of the Bosnia War in 1992, Bosnia was divided into three political structures: the Muslim Democratic Action Party (SDA), the Serbian Democratic Party (SDS), and the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ).

For the Balkan countries, the potential for conflict stemming from ethnic and religious problems.

The ultimate goal of the NATO military operation called the “Balkan Storm” or “Operation Deliberate Force”, was to stop the Serbian attacks and to remove the Serbian elements in the region out of the region.

The three and a half years of civil war in Bosnia ended with the ceasefire negotiations that started on 1 November 1995. Peace talks started in Dayton, Ohio, USA, with the participation of Alija Izetbegovic on behalf of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Franjo Tudjman on behalf of Croatia, and Slobodan Milosevic on behalf of Serbia. The agreement, consisting of the main text and eleven annexes drafted in the city of Dayton, was signed by the parties on 14 December 1995 in Paris.

The three and a half years of civil war in Bosnia ended with the ceasefire negotiations that started on 1 November 1995. Peace talks started in Dayton, Ohio, USA, with the participation of Alija Izetbegovic on behalf of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Franjo Tudjman on behalf of Croatia, and Slobodan Milosevic on behalf of Serbia. The agreement, consisting of the main text and eleven annexes drafted in the city of Dayton, was signed by the parties on 14 December 1995 in Paris.

According to the Dayton Peace Agreement, the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina shall consist of two entities; the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina consisting of 10 cantons and the Serb Republic, and a small autonomous region called Brcko

Kosovo Liberation Army (UÇK-Ushtria Çlirimtare Kosoves), which was the militia of Kosovo Albanians.

Second, the USA was able to control the processes in both Yugoslavia and Macedonia with its control over Kosovo.

During the Kosovo intervention, an interesting military and diplomatic event took place and the Chinese Embassy building was “accidentally” hit by the USA.

The Vance-Owen plan, named after former US foreign minister Cyrus Vance representing the UN and David Owen, representing the EC, proposed the implementation of the Swiss model in Bosnia.

The Ottoman Empire, were effective at this point. The Serbian uprisings that started in the early 1800s and the uprisings that broke out in the Peloponnese in the following years were the first signals of the Ottoman loss of the Balkan geography. p.208

The answer is B.

While Ottomanism was defended against independence movements in the Balkans, then the idea of Islamism was defended against possible independence movements in the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa. p.208

The answer is islamism.

During the Cold War, in the international system that was separated into two as East and West, Turkey, with its general
stance, was next to the Western bloc. Undoubtedly, the Truman Doctrine dated 1947, the Marshall Plan
(the European Recovery Program) and the USSR had an impact on this choice. The risks and threats posed
by the USSR were both due to their demand for bases in the Straits and their settlement in Central Europe
and the Balkans (Armaoğlu, 2020, 153). Also in 1944 and 1945 Turkey - USSR period was defined as the
most problematic in terms of relationships, it was expressed that previously signed by the USSR the Treaty
of Friendship and Neutrality (Non-Aggression) Pact was abolished (Turan, 2005, 75). p. 215

D şıkkı direkt olarak Batı bloğunu seçmede etkili olmamıştır.

... the most important reason for Turkey to take place next to the Western bloc in the Korean War was the USSR threat... p. 216

The reasons for the dissolution of Yugoslavia have been classified differently in various sources. Here, the main reasons for the dissolution will be evaluated as structural, economic, political and inter-ethnical. The answer is C.

The self-management practice, which started in 1950, was also the source of the economic reasons for the dissolution.

With the death of Tito, the increasing nationalism in the republics triggered the trend of secession in the federated republics and centralization in the federal republic. Slovenia’s tendency towards independence in this process became clearer especially after the abolition of the autonomy of Kosovo and Vojvodina in
1989.

Franjo Tudjman, who would become the President of Croatia after the 1990 elections, argued that the change of communist rule and the establishment of an independent Croatia could be possible by establishing a link between the Ustasha sympathizers and the Partisans who participated in the anti-fascist struggle in the Second World War