BALKANLAR - Deneme Sınavı - 4

The Aegean Sea has been the source of the main problems of the two countries. p.231 under the title of Problems with Greece.

Tito founded Yugoslavia after winning victory in an internal rivalry.

Multi-ethnic structure of the country is considered as a structural reason for the dissolution of the republic.

Slovenia is the first republic to gain its independence from Yugoslavia

Croatia's independence was bloody due to the ethnic complexity and Serbia's support for Croatian Serbs.

Greece strongly opposed the official name of Macedonia, arguing that it is an infringement upon its territorial claims because some of its lands are also called Macedonia

Dayton Peace Accords ended the civil war in Bosnia-Herzegovina

Yugoslavia was one of the founding members of the non-aligned movement

NATO intervention was a major contribution to the settlement of the Kosovo crisis.

Russia and China favored the unity of Yugoslavia and for this reason, they staged strong opposition to any proposal towards intervention.

The definition “Western Balkans” is not a geographic distinction, but one based on identity and ethnicity. Countries such as Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Kosovo that failed or were less successful in
the integration process were positioned within this definition.

The Balkan Pact was signed in 1934

Balkan Alliance was established in 1954 under the containment policy of the USA (The United States of America),

For the Balkan countries, the potential for conflict stemming from ethnic and religious problems, which are conventional threats, and border problems between countries were the main factors affecting regional security in the post-Cold War era.

The Vance-Owen plan, named after former US foreign minister Cyrus Vance representing the UN and David Owen, representing the EC, proposed the implementation of the Swiss model in Bosnia. According to the plan announced on January 2, 1993, Bosnia would be divided into ten cantons and the control of these cantons would be shared among Serbs, Croats, and Muslims in the form of three cantons for each community.

The Vance-Owen plan, named after former US foreign minister Cyrus Vance representing the UN and David Owen, representing the EC, proposed the implementation of the Swiss model in Bosnia.

UN Security Council declared Srebrenica a safe zone with the resolution numbered 814 dated 16.04.1993, and Sarajevo, Zepa, Tuzla, Gorazde and Bihac with the resolution numbered 824 dated 06.05.1993, within the scope of the 7th Chapter of the UN Treaty.

In the Bosnia intervention, the UN Security Council evaluated NATO within
the scope of Article 53. Thus, NATO, based the legitimacy of the intervention in Bosnia on this article.

Dayton Peace Agreement was signed by the parties on 14 December 1995 in Paris.

Greece gained full EU membership status in 1981, Slovenia in 2004, Bulgaria and Romania in 2007, and Croatia in 2013.