BALKANLAR - Deneme Sınavı - 7

After the Russo-Turkish war, Montenegro, Serbia, and Romania became independent states. Bulgaria became a Principality under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, Bosnia-Herzegovina was only legally bound to the Empire but occupied and ruled by Austria-Hungary.

Many organizations were established to operate in the Kosovo province, which was called “Former Serbia” and Macedonia. In 1911, these organizations were united under a single organization under the name of “Unification or Death” also known as “Black Hand”. Although the goal of this organization was designated to reduce the influence of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire in the region through intelligence activities against these powers, its ultimate goal was to unite all Serbs under a single nation administration.

Montenegro declared war on the Ottoman Empire on October 8, 1912, Bulgaria and Serbia declared war on the Ottoman Empire on October 17, 1912, and Greece on October 19, 1912.

The following led to the Balkan Wars:

The fact that Bulgaria gained the most significant portion of land from the First Balkan War,

The fact that Serbs caused problems during the partitioning of Albania and Macedonia,

The withdrawal of the Ottoman Empire from the Balkans and the formation of a multi-directional power vacuum in the region,

The fact that despite not participating in the war, Romania demanded that Silistra and South Dobruja between the Danube River and Balchik Harbor be left to it,

The fact that the Tsardom of Russia channeled Serbia and Romania to form an alliance against Bulgaria through France.

The Treaty of Istanbul was signed on November 10, 1913.

Since the Ottoman Empire lost all its lands in Europe except Eastern Thrace, it became the absolute loser of the war.

Greece was the Balkan state that entered the war the latest.

The Cold War separated the pro-Western states in the region from the other regional states and Soviet values shaped the political, economic and social structures of Romania, Bulgaria and Albania.

The Warsaw Pact was established among the USSR, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania and East Germany.

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY): the six republics that make up the SFRY are Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia; the two autonomous regions are Kosovo and Vojvodina.