BALKANLAR - Deneme Sınavı - 4

The Ottoman Empire, which controlled the region for nearly 500 years, ceased to be the dominant political actor; instead, the increasing influence of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Russian Empire on the region at the beginning of the century attracted the attention. Correct answer is A.

The Greek navy, while keeping the Dardanelles Strait’s exit under control in order to block the Ottoman fleet from dispatching ships to the Aegean and Adriatic coasts, on the other hand, was in an effort to prevent the Turks from reinforcing their troops in Europe. Correct answer is B.

Montenegro declared war on the Ottoman Empire on October 8, 1912 and it was the first country in the Balkans. Correct answer is A.

With the Treaty of London signed at the end of the conference:

All Ottoman lands to the west of “the Midye-Enez line” were left to the Balkan states. While Edirne and Kırklareli were given to Bulgaria, the Sofia administration expanded to the south and seized Turkish cities such as Kardzhali and Komotini and reached the Aegean Sea. Correct answer is A.

The first Turkish Republic in history was founded in Western Thrace before the region was left to the Bulgarians. Correct answer is C.

At the end of Second Balkan War, Thessaloniki and Crete were given to Greece. Correct answer is A.

The Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia on July 28, 1914, and started the First World War. Correct answer is B.

Signing a secret alliance with Germany on August 2, 1914, the Ottoman State declared war on the Entente States on November 11, 1914, after two German warships (Goeben and Breslau) bombed the Black Sea coast of the Tsardom of Russia. After the Ottoman Empire went to the war, the corridor among Triple Entente ended. Correct answer is E.

Metaxas established a police regime in the country, whose fascistic tendencies were apparent. Metaxas, who started practices similar to Mussolini in Italy, did not only dissolve the parliament; he closed political parties and trade unions and banned strikes for workers. Correct answer is C.

It should be noted that with the 1947 Paris Peace Treaty signed after the WWII, Greece took Dodecanese (islands) from Italy and added it to its territory. Correct answer is E.

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY): the six republics that make up the SFRY are Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia; the two autonomous regions are Kosovo and Vojvodina.

Yugoslavia was expelled from the Communist Information Bureau (Cominform) in 1948, managed to create a distinctive model.

The Non-Aligned Movement had grown quickly and become an undeniable balancing force to superpower politics and had reached its peak during the détente period between 1970-1980. 86 member countries attended the Colombo Summit Conference of the Non-Aligned States in August 1976.

The Brezhnev Doctrine gave Soviet Union the so-called right to use any means of force necessary in socialist world in a case where the socialist order and socialist way of life threatened. It was a clear message to other countries on the concept of sovereignty in the socialist world. Socialist countries should be free to determine their own paths, but they have a limited sovereignty and their actions should not be against socialism in their country and interests of other socialist countries since it was their international duty to serve and protect the basic principles of socialism against capitalism.

Romania’s approach in the 1970s by increasing trade with the West brought Romania GATT membership in 1971 and IMF membership in 1972, and Romania was granted most favoured nation status by the USA in 1975.

The issue that determined the fate of Romania, which became one of the satellites of the USSR after the Second World War, was the Percentages Agreement signed between the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and the Secretary General of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin, on 9-20th of October 1944. According to the agreement, Romania was left under the influence of 90% of the USSR and 10% of the Western Allies (Resis, 1978, 368). This was how the process that would affect Romania’s situation in the Cold War period started.

The Warsaw Pact was established among the USSR, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania and East Germany as a result of the acceptance of West Germany to NATO in 1955.

The Warsaw Pact was established among the USSR, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania and East Germany as a result of the acceptance of West Germany to NATO in 1955.

Greece, along with Turkey, in 1952, became a member of NATO. The aim of Greece’s joining NATO was, to ensure its position on the West side as well as to secure its borders.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a military alliance that was
formed in 1949 to contain and counter the Soviet threat.