BALKANLAR - Deneme Sınavı - 1

Following the Second World War, the Marshall Plan was designed by the USA to aid Europe’s post-war reconstruction and to provide stability in Europe. The correct answer is C.

The Western Bloc is a cooperation and / or alliance structure formed against communism, especially the USSR and the Warsaw Pact, during the Cold War. When the countries in the region are examined, members of NATO should definitely be mentioned in this bloc. The correct answer is B.

The USA, Canada and most Western European countries are NATO members. On the other
hand, Sweden, Ireland and Switzerland remained neutral. Sweden is still not a NATO member. The correct answer is A.

Turkey, by facing, due to the USSR’s changing policies (especially the Straits subject) in the Second World War, had attempted to join NATO, sent troops to Korea and had sought to strengthen its special relationship with the USA in the West. The correct answer is D.

The Karamanlis administration left NATO’s military wing in 1974 to protest the USA's inefficiency on Cyprus and was re-accepted six years later (Kalaitzaki, 2005, 116-118). The correct answer is A.

The Warsaw Pact was established among the USSR, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Albania and East Germany as a result of the acceptance of West Germany to NATO in 1955 (Mountain, 2018, 194). The correct answer is C.

Albania, which experienced ruptures with Yugoslavia in 1948 and with the USSR in 1968, had established cooperation with China for ten years since 1968 and implemented policies that radically affected (shaped, changed) social life (Töpfer, 2019, 90). The correct answer is B.

The Balkan Pact in 1934, did not fall through for Romania. Therefore, Chivu Stoica tried to
recreate the vision of the pact with the Plan of Stoica in 1956. The main aim of the Plan was to create a Balkanique Pact with inclusion of states like, Greece, Turkey, Albania and Yugoslavia but also to prevent them from becoming a part of the Atlantic alliance with support from the USSR. The correct answer is E.

Ceausescu’s attitude towards minorities within the country and Hungarians in Transylvania, his
attempt to bring national values to the forefront, have been considered as an extension of his efforts to place national communism in the country (Korkut, 2006, 146). The correct answer is B.

The First Non-Aligned Movement Summit was organised in Belgrade in 1961. Belgrade Summit
was cosponsored by President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser and President of Yugoslavia Josip
Tito and formulated basic principles for countries to become a member of the movement. According to the Summit, countries that seek for membership:
-should adopt a foreign policy based on coexistence and non-alignment;
-should support national independence movements around the world;
-should not be the part of any multilateral military alliances;
-should not provide any military bases concerning the conflict between two power blocs.

The correct answer is E.