ARAŞTIRMA YÖNTEMLERİ

An abstract summarizes usually one paragraph (sometimes in structured format) of 200-300 words or less. In general, an abstract covers the overall purpose of the study and the research problem investigated, the basic design of the study, main results, implications for research and practice.

Below are the steps in writing an effective abstract:

Choosing key words: Abstracts are usually followed by a list of keywords selected by the author.

Think of the introduction as a mental road map that must answer these four questions for the reader:

Defining any abbreviations or specialized terms is a step of developing an effective introduction.

Paraphrasing is restating something written by someone else in your own words.  In social sciences, paraphrasing is preferred over quoting.  When we paraphrase, we must still cite the original author.

Common verbs indicate that the source agrees with another source or with the position you are advancing are: Accepts, Agrees, Assents Concurs, Parallels, Supports.

APA style requires the use of the past tense or present perfect tense when using signal phrases to describe earlier research (Example: “Smith (1992) found…” or “Smith (1992) has found.

Research instruments/measures are the tools and approaches used to collect data to answer the research question / hypothesis.

Validity tells us whether an items measures or describes what is supposed to measure or describe. If an item is unreliable, then it must also lack validity, but a reliable item is not necessarily also valid. It could produce the same or similar response on all occasions, but not be measuring what it is supposed to measure. The concept of validity is used to judge whether the research accurately describes the phenomenon that is intended to describe.

Different types of reliability may be important for a measure. Authors needs to provide information for Inter-rater reliability for observational measures.

A research topic should not be chosen just because it is thought to be easy to do. The correct answer is B.

While a fair discussion of the current literature must be included in the introduction, it is generally considered inappropriate to attack on authors who wrote on the same topic. The correct answer is D.

Some verbs indicate that the source is responding critically to another source or with the position you are advancing. One of these words is to refute. The correct answer is B.

Literature reviews are designed to provide an overview of sources you have explored while researching a particular topic and to demonstrate to your readers how your research fits within a larger field of study. The correct answer is C.

The word however signals the coming of a contradictory argument. The correct answer is E.

In a well-developed research design it is important to clearly describe the methods of analysis to be applied to the data in determining whether or not the hypotheses are true or false. The correct answer is C.

While all other tasks can be carried out by using softwares such as Microsoft office, it becomes crucial to use statistical software packages when carrying out complex statistical tests. The correct answer is A.

Regression analysis is a method used in quantitative analysis when carrying out complex statistical tests. The correct answer is D.

It is important that a table title includes a brief and explanatory explanation regarding the content of the table. The correct answer is C.

Motivation for a research project should be included in the very beginning of a paper not in the end. The correct answer is E.