AMERİKAN DIŞ POLİTİKASI

In terms of the fight against international terrorism, 9/11 terror attacks changed the American way of war. An influential foreign policy doctrine was created by Powell and Weinberger. The Weinberger-Powell doctrine indicated that the United States should engage in military action only when it is vital to its national interests, it has a clearly defined exit strategy .

Gulf states were concerned about Shia assertiveness in the region and specifically Jordan was concerned about Al-Qaida inspired destructiveness. Hence, for the other countries, rise of Iran in the region not only threatened the Arab community but also created a “recharged pole of attraction for those actors out of step with the US policy of bandwagon . Among those countries was Syria who provided a “conduit for financial and jihadis flows out of and into the Sunni Arab areas of the country

When Israel first possessed nuclear weapons under strategic ambiguity, this severely impacted the relations of Israel with other states in the region by unbalancing the power distribution.

Arab Spring, which was a term, invented by an American academic  was a series of anti-government and pro-democracy uprisings due to lack of “bread and freedom” that spread across the Middle East in early 2011. There existed deep economic problems and political problems in these regimes for a long period of time. Muammar al-Qaddafi has ruled Libya since 1969, the Assad Family took charge of Syria since 1970s, Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali became president of Tunisia in 1987, and Hosni  Mubarak has ruled Egypt since 1981.

The Soviet withdrawal from Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War is one of the developments between 1989 and 2001. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

The growing resistance towards globalization could be considered as one of the biggest reasons. The disadvantaged countries were not able to cope with the negative effects of globalization and showed an evil reaction. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

The USA financially aided allied countries, however this can't be considered that these cash flows put an end to the ideological struggle between communism and capitalism in the world. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

The central concern of the Traditional Liberals is that American domestic economy should be enhanced by domestic social reform rather than by engaging in foreign interventions that would disrupt economic prosperity. This tradition is best represented during the Carter administration. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

The Neoconservatives’ main concern is to eliminate all military or terror threats to American security. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Neo-conservatives ignored and downgraded international institutions. Therefore, the correct choice is E.

The new “pre-emptive and unilateral strategy” developed by the Bush Doctrine is one of the significant consequences of the 9/11 attacks. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Rumsfeld’s “project of military transformation” removed the classic American way of war. According to the Rumsfeld’s project, the role of masses was reduced, and the role of mobility was accentuated. The Iraq War had been the pilot case for this transformation. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

The US had to break its formal diplomatic relations with Taiwan, through the “Taiwan relations act”, it continued its informal relations with the Island. Therefore, the correct choice is E.

The United States opted to stay out of it militarily and instead followed an offshore balancing strategy in the MENA during the Arab Uprisings. Continuing of US Arms sales to the region was not one of the main concerns. Therefore, the correct choice is C.