AMERİKAN DIŞ POLİTİKASI

Isolationism refers to a policy of the U.S. remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries. In a sense, this policy aimed at ensuring U.S. aloofness when it comes to international power struggles. The Monroe Doctrine, enunciated in 1823 by President James Monroe, became the cornerstone of this policy.

The policy of preemption, which was first discussed in President Bush’s West Point speech in June of 2002 but then became codified in the 2002 National Security Strategy, is based defined as the anticipatory use of force in the face of an imminent attack. The main target of this policy have been terrorist organization and the so-called rogue states.

Lyndon B. Johnson managed a lot of the details about the Vietnam War to himself and had a very tight personal control over the military operations.

Currently, the Defense Department houses four national intelligence services - the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), the National Security Agency (NSA), the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), and the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), which work under its supervision.

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), created in 1947, is tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence. The CIA is the only agency authorized by law to carry out and oversee covert action at the behest of the President (The Central Intelligence Agency).

Together with Congress, the Department of Treasury has “the responsibility of setting the rules that govern the taxation of foreign income earned by U.S. corporations and negotiates international tax treaties and international tax information exchange agreements with the aim of helping clean up the international financial system (The U.S. Department of Treasury)."

Think tanks, which are independent policy research institution, have helped shape U.S. global engagement. The main function of think tanks in U.S. foreign policy is to “think” and to produce ideas and advice for foreign policy decision makers specifically based on research and informed judgment.

In issues related to foreign policy, the press not only serves as a source of information for policy makers but it also provides a forum for debate on foreign
policy issues. By focusing on certain foreign policy issues instead of others, the press also functions as an agenda-setter.

The 1947 Truman Doctrine was one of the main pillars of the U.S’s response to the increasing power of the Soviet Union, not only in Europe but also in the Middle East. Under the Truman Doctrine, and through the policy of containment, the United States provided monetary and military support to countries that were threatened by the Soviet Union. More specifically, President Truman asked Congress to support the Greek Government against the Communists and to provide assistance for Turkey.

Diplomacy is believed to be the art or practice of conducting international relations. In the context of U.S. foreign policy, diplomacy intends to promote
national values or interests by peaceful means.

The Carter Doctrine, which came following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, was based on the principle that the United States would use military force if necessary to defend its national interests in the Gulf region of the Middle East.

The policy of deterrence refers to the development and maintenance of military strength as a means of discouraging attack from hostile powers.

The policy of containment, implemented as a part of the 1947 Truman Doctrine, was a policy specifically designed against the Soviet Union and operated on the principle that communist governments would eventually fall apart as long as they were prevented from expanding their influence.

Woodrow Wilson did not really show any interest in foreign affairs until when the important end-of-war treaties were being signed following World War I.

In foreign policy matters, among the most important functions of Congress is the power to declare war.

The department’s primary responsibility is to staff diplomatic missions abroad and carry out the directives of the president in diplomacy.

The Department of Treasury plays an important role in protecting U.S. national interests and extending American power around the globe.

Think tanks, which are independent policy research institution, have helped shape U.S. global engagement. The main function of think tanks in U.S. foreign policy is to “think” and to produce ideas and advice for foreign policy decision makers specifically based on research and informed judgment (Little 2016)

The 1947 Truman Doctrine was one of the main pillars of the U.S’s response to the increasing power of the Soviet Union, not only in Europe but also in the Middle East.

The Bush Doctrine advocated preventing terrorism through active intervention in foreign countries, including pressuring or even invading foreign countries and using military force against terrorists where they live and train. The doctrine also advocated maintaining an omnipotent military.

There are four important foreign policy instruments that the United States use. These are diplomacy, alliances and international organizations, economic aid and sanctions, and military force.