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AMERİKAN DIŞ POLİTİKASI - Deneme Sınavı - 11

Dönem Sonu Sınavı 31308

Ana sayfa AMERİKAN DIŞ POLİTİKASI Deneme Sınavları Deneme Sınavı - 11

Soru 1

Which of the following refers to the policy of deterrence refers to the development and maintenance of military strength as a means of discouraging attack from hostile powers?

Çözüm Açıklaması

The policy of deterrence refers to the development and maintenance of military strength as a means of discouraging attack from hostile powers.

Soru 2

What is the term that refers to a policy of the U.S. remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries?

Çözüm Açıklaması

Isolationism refers to a policy of the U.S. remaining apart from the affairs or interests of other groups, especially the political affairs of other countries. In a sense, this policy aimed at ensuring U.S. aloofness when it comes to international power struggles. The Monroe Doctrine, enunciated in 1823 by President James Monroe, became the cornerstone of this policy. With the end of World War I, but especially World War II, the twin policies of containment and deterrence provided the guiding principles of the foreign policy of U. S..

Soru 3

what was the most important consequence of the end of the cold war?

Çözüm Açıklaması

Gorbachev called for a reduced role for the use of force and threat in the international stage and ascribed stronger role for the UN. In reaching out to President George H. W. Bush, Gorbachev underlined the need for more cooperation, pluralism and tolerance in this new order.

Soru 4

What does "neo isolationism", that one of the four major basic strategies of America mean?

Çözüm Açıklaması

Despite the end-of-Cold-War euphoria in 1991 and into 1992, U.S. foreign policy remained unsettled. Defining the post-Cold War U.S. foreign policy priorities and finding ways to meet the new challenges proved to be a difficult task. As President Bush’s term neared its end, a clearly defined direction for U.S. foreign policy was still far from clear. Several options were available to the policy-makers and analysts within the U.S. administration and outside. There were mainly four grand strategies. First was a retreat from global leadership. This is also referred to as neo- isolationism. Second one is the strategy of selective engagement in areas that would prevent the great powers to go to war with one another. Third is to act collectively to achieve and sustain peace through international institutions. Fourth and final strategy is to show an effort to maintain both economic and military primacy.

Soru 5

In the late 1980s, the American economy gave a very high twin deficit. What were these twin deficits in which America was suffered?

Çözüm Açıklaması

By the late 1980s, the American economy suffered a very high level of twin deficit: federal budget deficit and trade deficit vis-à-vis newly industrialized countries. In addition, spending reductions in social programs had hurt many U.S. citizens

Soru 6

What was strategically important to America when Hussein invaded Kuwait and then threatened Saudi Arabia too?

Çözüm Açıklaması

Hussein soon gave signals that he would not stop at Kuwait, and was ready to keep going to dominate the entire region. After the invasion of Kuwait, Iraqi leader massed his army along Kuwait’s border with Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia was not only a close U.S. ally, but also strategically very important given the high scale of Saudi oil production. With Kuwait and Saudi oil, Hussein would have controlled 40 percent of the world’s oil reserves.

Soru 7

Why did the US intervene in Somalia?

Çözüm Açıklaması

President Bush decided to send U.S. combat troops to lead an international force to Somalia. The troops were dispatched in December 1992 as part of a humanitarian mission dubbed Operation Restore Hope to distribute food, restore and maintain order. The plan was to accomplish the mission and replace U.S. forces with UN forces by the Inauguration Day of president-elect Clinton in January 1993.

Soru 8

Why was Serbia bombed by NATO?

Çözüm Açıklaması

The Serbs continued their offensive against the Muslims and engaged in a massive ethnic cleansing. The massacre at Srebrenica in 1995 prompted President Clinton and under the U.S. leadership NATO launched air strikes against Serbian targets. This was followed by a ground offensive by Bosnian and Croat forces. The three sides agreed to start negotiations at the U.S. air force base at Dayton, Ohio that would end the war. The Dayton Accords led to a cease-fire in 1996 and NATO troops were deployed.

Soru 9

What is APEC and its purpose?

Çözüm Açıklaması

APEC is a more loosely organized forum, which aims to facilitate economic growth, cooperation, trade and investment among its member states. While the economically dynamic Pacific region was promising for the U.S., political divisions among its member states curtailed its potential.

Soru 10

What idea is American exceptionalism based on?

Çözüm Açıklaması

American exceptionalism refers to the history of the U.S. as different from other nations that is based on liberty, egalitarianism, and laissez faire. It also refers to the idea that the US has a unique mission to defend and spread these values in the world.

Soru 11

which countries was the St. Malo Summit declaration signed?

Çözüm Açıklaması

In 1998, British Prime Minister Tony Blair and French President Jacques Chirac agreed at St. Malo Summit to bolster the EU’s capacity for autonomous military action with credible forces in order to respond to international crises.

Soru 12

What is the democratic peace theory?

Çözüm Açıklaması

President Clinton embraced the liberal notion that shared the arguments of democratic peace theory. Democratic peace theory asserts that democratic countries rarely go into war with one another because of the shared norms and the democratic domestic institutions. These institutions constrain democratic states’ recourse to aggression.

Soru 13

What was the basic idea behind the Powell Doctrine?

Çözüm Açıklaması

In terms of the fight against international terrorism, 9/11 terror attacks changed the American way of war. An influential foreign policy doctrine was created by Powell and Weinberger. The Weinberger-Powell doctrine indicated that the United States should engage in military action only when it is vital to its national interests, it has a clearly defined exit strategy .

Soru 14

What does the “borderless world” mean?

Çözüm Açıklaması

The first development was the pervasive spread of globalization around the world. Globalization defined simply as a “borderless world” was not just limited to spread of trade and investment but also spread of popular culture. It is based on the economic theory of comparative advantage.

Soru 15

What was the answer to the question “Why were we targeted?”

Çözüm Açıklaması

One simple answer to this was the huge resistance building up against globalization all across the World.

Soru 16

What is the US bandwagon policy?

Çözüm Açıklaması

Gulf states were concerned about Shia assertiveness in the region and specifically Jordan was concerned about Al-Qaida inspired destructiveness. Hence, for the other countries, rise of Iran in the region not only threatened the Arab community but also created a “recharged pole of attraction for those actors out of step with the US policy of bandwagon . Among those countries was Syria who provided a “conduit for financial and jihadis flows out of and into the Sunni Arab areas of the country

Soru 17

Why has caused strategic ambiguity in Israel region?

Çözüm Açıklaması

When Israel first possessed nuclear weapons under strategic ambiguity, this severely impacted the relations of Israel with other states in the region by unbalancing the power distribution.

Soru 18

Why was the called “papier tiger” for America?

Çözüm Açıklaması

This failure in the Middle East had six significant consequences. Before this failure, US had an image of invincibility in the Middle East. This image has not only been demolished, but the US also showed that it had vulnerability against asymmetrical threats as a consequence of losing peace in Iraq. The US was described as “paper tiger” during this period. Enemies of the US such as Russia, China or terrorist groups were encouraged moreover, and some terrorist groups increased the intensity of their actions which included bombing civilian targets in Madrid or Istanbul. Second, the US’s failure in Iraq stipulated the perception of a systematically declining USA.

Soru 19

Starting in 2003, a dialogue began between BMENA countries, the United States and other G8 countries. which are the mentioned BMENA countries?

Çözüm Açıklaması

As a solution to protect the American interests in the region, the US government invented new geographies such as the Greater Black Sea Region and Broader Middle East and North Africa. Broader Middle East and North Africa (BMENA) terminology was invented in Washington DC by the US officials as a multilateral project to change the economic and political conditions. Starting in 2003, a dialogue began between BMENA countries, the United States and other G8 countries.

Soru 20

Why did the US choose to pursue a rapprochement strategy between 1970-1979?

Çözüm Açıklaması

Between 1970-1979, the United States chose to pursue a rapprochement strategy. With an increasing Soviet threat and China’s enormous potential market, China and the US began to move closer to one another and the United States greatly benefited from close military and security cooperation with Beijing against their common adversary. China was resisting the pressure from the Soviet Union and the US did not want the Soviets to get stronger by keeping China on their own side.

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