AMERİKAN DIŞ POLİTİKASI - Deneme Sınavı - 5

Rio Grande River became the new border between the US and Mexico. Therefore, the correct choice is E.

The U.S. took control of several Spanish colonies during the 1800's; Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines are some of them. therefore, the correct choice is C.

In his annual address to the Congress in 1904, President Roosevelt expressed those words. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Among Wilson's top priorities was establishing a League of Nations. This would serve as a permanent forum to conduct open diplomacy among all independent nations. Therefore, the correct choice is C.

'Government involvement is necessary to “educate the public” about the Soviets, and explain the threats they pose on the American society' was definitely a warning for the US homeland. Therefore, the correct choice is B.

Providing credits with high interest rates from the World Bank and the IMF was not one of the policies of the Reagan administration. Therefore, the correct choice is A.

Osama bin Laden was captured and executed during President Obama's period. Therefore, the correct choice is D.

Monroe Doctrine of 1823 could be classified as the first official foreign policy doctrine of the United States

In the same speech, President Washington went at length to explain the strength that could come from harmony among the states in this newly-independent nation. He emphasized the complementary nature between the northern states and the southern states and the newly emerging western states. A general glance at the Farewell address would give the reader the impression that President Washington was more concerned about domestic issues, such as the unity and harmony of the Union, than the international matters such as military and strategic alliances. Political texts during the early periods of the Republic carried a modest tone. In fact, as a founding father and the third President, Thomas Jefferson envisioned a democratic nation of small farmers, rather than powerful industrialists, who could serve as the agents of the US power globally. Political atmosphere was more inward looking, isolationist than globalist or interventionist. In 1800, President Jefferson explicitly mentioned the virtues of avoiding “entangling alliances.”

In 1796, President Washington spoke extensively about the importance of unity of the new American nation, during his Farewell address to the American people. He suggested that the Americans should “steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world.” For President Washington, temporary alliances were fine but in the long run, permanent alliances were not in the interests of the new nation.

Fighting among the European powers also offered significant advantage to the newly founded United States. The Spanish had lost the Louisiana to the French, but the Napoleonic Wars were costly adventures. In order to finance his ambitions in Europe, Napoleon Bonaparte decided to sell this far away land to the United States for $15 million cash. This price corresponded to around 3 cents for an acre, which is about 4046 square meters. The map of U.S. expansion illustrates the expansive amount of land gained, through Louisiana purchase from the French. This area consists of nearly onethird of the modern day United States.

President James Polk (1845-49) ran on a platform of territorial expansion and won. Initially, he tried to convince the Mexicans to sell their massive northern territory, but the Mexican leadership did not agree to a sale. The Mexican American War of 1846 to 1848 eventually cost the Mexicans nearly half of their national territory. They even faced the occupation of their capital, Mexico City, by U.S. troops. Eventually, 10 new states emerged from the territory the U.S. took from Mexico: Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Utah, Nevada, Kansas, parts of Colorado, Oklahoma and Wyoming.

The U.S. and the Soviet Union fought together against the fascist regimes of Europe during World War II. However, this collaboration did not last long and the post-WWII international system became polarized between two superpowers. The U.S. foreign policy decision makers increasingly began to consider the Soviet economic and political models as fundamentally adversarial to the American model. The Long Telegram from a U.S. diplomat in Moscow sent on February 22 in 1946 became the symbol of the Cold War grand strategy for the US.

The Reagan Presidency also coincided with massive economic crisis in the developing world. Hyperinflation, foreign currency shortages and capital flight were common across the Global South. The Reagan administration and the international financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) pushed the countries struggling with economic crisis to make structural changes. These countries had to abandon their prior economic development models (import substation industrialization -ISI) and switch to the free market model. Also referred as neoliberalism, the new development model required: • Less government involvement in economy and more goods, services, utilities, etc. provided by the private sector • Privatization of previously government owned industries • Deregulations of the markets, banking and finance sectors • Floating exchange rates, convertibility • Elimination of capital controls, welcoming foreign investment

Containment: US foreign policy adopted in late 1940s against the rising powers of the Soviet Union. It tried to curb the expansion of the Soviet influence and socialism at military, political, economic and ideological levels.

Obama’s approach to the Syrian crisis and his efforts to decrease the military footprint of the United States make him more an advocate of offshore balancing than liberal interventionism. In an article published in Foreign Affairs, scholars Mearsheimer and Walt define offshore balancing as the quintessential realist paradigm. They make the case that this strategy best serves the long term U.S. national interests.

Influenced by the liberal Wilsonian tradition, American foreign policy abandoned one of the founding ideas of noninterference in European wars and decided to enter the First World War following a short-lived period of neutrality.

Washington argued that United States should have no permanent alliances but develop commercial ties with all.

The Jacksonian tradition is best thought of as an expression of strong American nationalism that does not shy away from using military power to advance American interests.